Ssb enhancements for fine time-frequency estimation in nr

ABSTRACT

In an aspect, the present disclosure includes a method, apparatus, and computer readable medium for wireless communications for generating, by a network entity for a user equipment (UE), a synchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource signal (RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) for communication after initial acquisition; and transmitting, by the network entity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)

The present application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional ApplicationNo. 62/931,017 entitled “SSB ENHANCEMENTS FOR FINE TIME-FREQUENCYESTIMATION IN NR” filed Nov. 5, 2019, which is assigned to the assigneehereof and hereby expressly incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND Technical Field

The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, andmore particularly, to synchronization signal block (SSB) enhancementsfor fine time-frequency estimation in 5G New Radio (NR).

Introduction

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide varioustelecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging,and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employmultiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication withmultiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of suchmultiple-access technologies include code division multiple access(CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency divisionmultiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency divisionmultiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous codedivision multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

These multiple access technologies have been adopted in varioustelecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enablesdifferent wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national,regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standardis 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadbandevolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) tomeet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security,scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT)), and otherrequirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobilebroadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultrareliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR maybe based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists aneed for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvementsmay also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and thetelecommunication standards that employ these technologies.

Due to the increasing demand for wireless communications, there is adesire to improve the efficiency of wireless communication networktechniques.

SUMMARY

The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects inorder to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary isnot an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intendedto neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nordelineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is topresent some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as aprelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

An example implementation includes a method of wireless communication,including generating, by a network entity for a user equipment (UE), asynchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource signal(RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) forcommunication after initial acquisition; and transmitting, by thenetwork entity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

In a further example, an apparatus for wireless communication isprovided that includes a transceiver, a memory configured to storeinstructions, and one or more processors communicatively coupled withthe transceiver and the memory. The one or more processors areconfigured to generate, by a network entity for a UE, a SSB and anadditional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition; and transmit, by the networkentity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is providedthat includes means for generating, by a network entity for a UE, a SSBand an additional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition; and means for transmitting, bythe network entity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium isprovided including code executable by one or more processors togenerate, by a network entity for a UE, a SSB and an additional RS basedon a variable function of a SSB SCS for communication after initialacquisition; and transmit, by the network entity to the UE, the SSBincluding the additional RS.

Another example implementation includes a method of wirelesscommunication, including receiving, by a UE from a network entity, a SSBand an additional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition; and decoding, by the UE, theSSB including the additional RS.

In a further example, an apparatus for wireless communication isprovided that includes a transceiver, a memory configured to storeinstructions, and one or more processors communicatively coupled withthe transceiver and the memory. The one or more processors areconfigured to execute the instructions to receive, by a UE from anetwork entity, a SSB and an additional RS based on a variable functionof a SSB SCS for communication after initial acquisition; and decode, bythe UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication is providedthat includes means for receiving, by a UE from a network entity, a SSBand an additional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition; and means for decoding, by theUE, the SSB including the additional RS.

In yet another aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable medium isprovided including code executable by one or more processors to receive,by a UE from a network entity, a SSB and an additional RS based on avariable function of a SSB SCS for communication after initialacquisition; and decode, by the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or moreaspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described andparticularly pointed out in the claims. The following description andthe annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative featuresof the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, ofbut a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspectsmay be employed, and this description is intended to include all suchaspects and their equivalents.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network.

FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C, and 2D are diagrams illustrating examples of a first5G/NR frame, DL channels within a 5G/NR subframe, a second 5G/NR frame,and UL channels within a 5G/NR subframe, respectively.

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and userequipment (UE) in an access network.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission pattern ofan additional RS for symbol/sample timing.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of another transmissionpattern of an additional RS for symbol/sample timing.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission pattern ofan additional RS with a corresponding numerology as a SSB.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission pattern ofan additional RS with a corresponding numerology as a RMSI.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB locations within ahalf-frame.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of SSB locations withina half-frame.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple patterns forRMSI CORESET configurations.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple CSI-RSpatterns.

FIG. 12 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication of anexample of decoding an additional SSB with a SSB.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart of a method of wireless communication of anexample of generating and transmitting an additional RS with a SSB.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a UE, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 15 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a base station, inaccordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in connection with the appendeddrawings is intended as a description of various configurations and isnot intended to represent the only configurations in which the conceptsdescribed herein may be practiced. The detailed description includesspecific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understandingof various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled inthe art that these concepts may be practiced without these specificdetails. In some instances, well known structures and components areshown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented withreference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methodswill be described in the following detailed description and illustratedin the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits,processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”).These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computersoftware, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements areimplemented as hardware or software depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system.

By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or anycombination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” thatincludes one or more processors. Examples of processors includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs),central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signalprocessors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors,systems on a chip (SoC), baseband processors, field programmable gatearrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gatedlogic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardwareconfigured to perform the various functionality described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system mayexecute software. Software may be construed broadly to meaninstructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code,programs, subprograms, software components, applications, softwareapplications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects,executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whetherreferred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardwaredescription language, or otherwise.

Accordingly, in one or more example embodiments, the functions describedmay be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. Ifimplemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded asone or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage mediamay be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way ofexample, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise arandom-access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic diskstorage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of theaforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other mediumthat can be used to store computer executable code in the form ofinstructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communicationssystem and an access network 100 configured for determining anevaluation period for a multi-panel UE. The wireless communicationssystem (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN))includes base stations 102, UEs 104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160,and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G Core (5GC)).

In certain aspects, the UE 104 may be configured to operatecommunication component 198 and/or configuration component 240 toreceive, from a network entity, a synchronization signal block (SSB) andan additional resource signal (RS) based on a variable function of a SSBsubcarrier spacing (SCS) for communication after initial acquisition;and to decode the SSB including the additional RS.

Correspondingly, in certain aspects, the network entity 102 (e.g., basestation) may be configured to operate communication component 199 and/orconfiguration component 241 to generate, for a UE, a SSB and anadditional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition; and transmit, to the UE, theSSB including the additional RS.

The base stations 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular basestation) and/or small cells (low power cellular base station). Themacrocells include base stations. The small cells include femtocells,picocells, and microcells.

The base stations 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to asEvolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) TerrestrialRadio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) may interface with the EPC 160 throughbackhaul links 132 (e.g., S1 interface). The base stations 102configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN(NG-RAN)) may interface with core network 190 through backhaul links184. In addition to other functions, the base stations 102 may performone or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radiochannel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, headercompression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dualconnectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection setupand release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS)messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network(RAN) sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriberand equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM), paging,positioning, and delivery of warning messages. The base stations 102 maycommunicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or corenetwork 190) with each other over backhaul links 134 (e.g., X2interface). The backhaul links 132, 134, and 184 may be wired orwireless.

The base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Eachof the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for arespective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlappinggeographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102′ may havea coverage area 110′ that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or moremacro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell andmacrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneousnetwork may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs), which mayprovide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group(CSG). The communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and theUEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link)transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL)(also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102to a UE 104. The communication links 120 may use multiple-input andmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatialmultiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity. The communicationlinks may be through one or more carriers. The base stations 102/UEs 104may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz)bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to atotal of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in eachdirection. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other.Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL(e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL). Thecomponent carriers may include a primary component carrier and one ormore secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may bereferred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carriermay be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device(D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use theDL/UL WWAN spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or moresidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel(PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physicalsidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel(PSCCH). D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2Dcommunications systems, such as for example, FlashLinQ, WiMedia,Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi accesspoint (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 viacommunication links 154 in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum. Whencommunicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152/AP 150may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating inorder to determine whether the channel is available.

The small cell 102′ may operate in a licensed and/or an unlicensedfrequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum,the small cell 102′ may employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensedfrequency spectrum as used by the Wi-Fi AP 150. The small cell 102′,employing NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, may boost coverage toand/or increase capacity of the access network.

A base station 102, whether a small cell 102′ or a large cell (e.g.,macro base station), may include an eNB, gNodeB (gNB), or another typeof base station. Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in atraditional sub 6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave (mmW) frequencies,and/or near mmW frequencies in communication with the UE 104. When thegNB 180 operates in mmW or near mmW frequencies, the gNB 180 may bereferred to as an mmW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) ispart of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters.Radio waves in the band may be referred to as a millimeter wave. NearmmW may extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHzand 30 GHz, also referred to as centimeter wave. Communications usingthe mmW/near mmW radio frequency band (e.g., 3 GHz-300 GHz) hasextremely high path loss and a short range. The mmW base station 180 mayutilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the extremelyhigh path loss and short range.

The base station 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 104 inone or more transmit directions 182′. The UE 104 may receive thebeamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more receivedirections 182″. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to thebase station 180 in one or more transmit directions. The base station180 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or morereceive directions. The base station 180/UE 104 may perform beamtraining to determine the best receive and transmit directions for eachof the base station 180/UE 104. The transmit and receive directions forthe base station 180 may or may not be the same. The transmit andreceive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.

The EPC 160 may include a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, otherMMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast MulticastService (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC)170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. The MME 162 may be incommunication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. The MME 162 isthe control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 andthe EPC 160. Generally, the MME 162 provides bearer and connectionmanagement. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferredthrough the Serving Gateway 166, which itself is connected to the PDNGateway 172. The PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation aswell as other functions. The PDN Gateway 172 and the BM-SC 170 areconnected to the IP Services 176. The IP Services 176 may include theInternet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS StreamingService, and/or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 may provide functionsfor MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 may serveas an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used toauthorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobilenetwork (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMSGateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the base stations102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN)area broadcasting a particular service, and may be responsible forsession management (start/stop) and for collecting eMBMS relatedcharging information.

The core network 190 may include a Access and Mobility ManagementFunction (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF)194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. The AMF 192 may be incommunication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. The AMF 192 isthe control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 andthe core network 190. Generally, the AMF 192 provides QoS flow andsession management. All user Internet protocol (IP) packets aretransferred through the UPF 195. The UPF 195 provides UE IP addressallocation as well as other functions. The UPF 195 is connected to theIP Services 197. The IP Services 197 may include the Internet, anintranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a PS Streaming Service,and/or other IP services.

The base station may also be referred to as a gNB, Node B, evolved NodeB (eNB), an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio basestation, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic serviceset (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit reception point(TRP), or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 providesan access point to the EPC 160 or core network 190 for a UE 104.Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a sessioninitiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant(PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimediadevice, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), acamera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, avehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchenappliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor/actuator, adisplay, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump,toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc.). The UE 104 may also be referredto as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit,a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, awireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, amobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, awireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobileclient, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

FIGS. 2A-2D include diagrams of example frame structures and resourcesthat may be utilized in communications between the base stations 102,the UEs 104, and/or the secondary UEs (or sidelink UEs) 110 described inthis disclosure. FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of afirst subframe within a 5G/NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G/NR subframe. FIG. 2Cis a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a5G/NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an exampleof UL channels within a 5G/NR subframe. The 5G/NR frame structure may beFDD in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier systembandwidth), subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated foreither DL or UL, or may be TDD in which for a particular set ofsubcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within the set ofsubcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples providedby FIGS. 2A, 2C, the 5G/NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, withsubframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL), whereD is DL, U is UL, and X is flexible for use between DL/UL, and subframe3 being configured with slot format 34 (with mostly UL). While subframes3, 4 are shown with slot formats 34, 28, respectively, any particularsubframe may be configured with any of the various available slotformats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slotformats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs areconfigured with the slot format (dynamically through DL controlinformation (DCI), or semi-statically/statically through radio resourcecontrol (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI).Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G/NR frame structurethat is TDD.

Other wireless communication technologies may have a different framestructure and/or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or moretime slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7,4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on theslot configuration. For slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols.The symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. Thesymbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) ordiscrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (alsoreferred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access(SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to a singlestream transmission). The number of slots within a subframe is based onthe slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration 0,different numerologies μ 0 to 5 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots,respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, differentnumerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, persubframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology μ, thereare 14 symbols/slot and 2μ slots/subframe. The subcarrier spacing andsymbol length/duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrierspacing may be equal to 2^(μ)*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 5.As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and thenumerology μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480 kHz. The symbollength/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS.2A-2D provide an example of slot configuration 0 with 14 symbols perslot and numerology μ=0 with 1 slot per subframe. The subcarrier spacingis 15 kHz and symbol duration is approximately 66.7 μs.

A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each timeslot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs(PRBs)) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid isdivided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bitscarried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot)signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS)(indicated as R_(x) for one particular configuration, where 100x is theport number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channelstate information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation atthe UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS), beamrefinement RS (BRRS), and phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframeof a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCIwithin one or more control channel elements (CCEs), each CCE includingnine RE groups (REGs), each REG including four consecutive REs in anOFDM symbol. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 todetermine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity. Asecondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 ofparticular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine aphysical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Basedon the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identitygroup number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI).Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of theaforementioned DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH), whichcarries a master information block (MIB), may be logically grouped withthe PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS)/PBCH block. TheMIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system framenumber (SFN). The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries userdata, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH suchas system information blocks (SIBs), and paging messages.

As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as Rfor one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations arepossible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE maytransmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RSfor the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may betransmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCHDM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending onwhether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on theparticular PUCCH format used. Although not shown, the UE may transmitsounding reference signals (SRS). The SRS may be used by a base stationfor channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent schedulingon the UL.

FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframeof a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration.The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as schedulingrequests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrixindicator (PMI), a rank indicator (RI), and HARQ ACK/NACK feedback. ThePUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a bufferstatus report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and/or UCI.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with aUE 350 in an access network, where the base station 310 may be anexample implementation of base station 102 and where UE 350 may be anexample implementation of UE 104. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160may be provided to a controller/processor 375. The controller/processor375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes aradio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service dataadaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol(PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium accesscontrol (MAC) layer. The controller/processor 375 provides RRC layerfunctionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g.,MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRCconnection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRCconnection release), inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, andmeasurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layerfunctionality associated with header compression/decompression, security(ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification),and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated withthe transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correctionthrough ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC servicedata units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering ofRLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mappingbetween logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MACSDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs,scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ,priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer,may include error detection on the transport channels, forward errorcorrection (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels,interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels,modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antennaprocessing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signalconstellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binaryphase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK),M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation(M-QAM)). The coded and modulated symbols may then be split intoparallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier,multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and/orfrequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse FastFourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a timedomain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded toproduce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channelestimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme,as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derivedfrom a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted bythe UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a differentantenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX maymodulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream fortransmission.

At the UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives a signal through itsrespective antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers informationmodulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive(RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signalprocessing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatialprocessing on the information to recover any spatial streams destinedfor the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350,they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbolstream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream fromthe time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform(FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbolstream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on eachsubcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated bydetermining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted bythe base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channelestimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions arethen decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signalsthat were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physicalchannel. The data and control signals are then provided to thecontroller/processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2functionality.

The controller/processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 359provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signalprocessing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 359 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DLtransmission by the base station 310, the controller/processor 359provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information(e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurementreporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with headercompression/decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering,integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionalityassociated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correctionthrough ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs,re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; andMAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channelsand transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs,demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting,error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channelprioritization.

Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a referencesignal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used bythe TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulationschemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streamsgenerated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX may modulatean RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a mannersimilar to that described in connection with the receiver function atthe UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respectiveantenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto anRF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.

The controller/processor 375 can be associated with a memory 376 thatstores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as acomputer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller/processor 375provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packetreassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processingto recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from thecontroller/processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. Thecontroller/processor 375 is also responsible for error detection usingan ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and thecontroller/processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects inconnection with communication component 198 of FIG. 1.

At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and thecontroller/processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects inconnection with communication component 199 of FIG. 1.

Referring to FIGS. 4-15, the described features generally relate tosynchronization signal block (SSB) enhancements for fine time-frequencyestimation in 5G New Radio (NR). For example, in NR FR1 and FR2, onlysome combinations of the SSB and data are permitted. In this example,the ratio of SSB/data numerology is 0.5, 1, or 2. The combinations arefurther described in detail in Table 1 below:

TABLE 1 RMSI- SIB1/Msg2 to 4 for init.acq/ Data # of Paging/ numerologySSB Frequency SSB Other-SI (candidates Numerology Range locationsNumerology supported) Comments 15 kHz <3 GHz in 4 15 or 15, 30, 15, 30kHz FR1 30 KHz 60 kHz for SCS used for FR1 implementation currently fordata 30 kHz - <3 GHz in 4 15 or Type I & FR1 30 KHz II >3 GHz 8 15 or(2.4 GHz 30 kHz in one scenario) in FR1 120 kHz/ FR2 only 64 60 or 60kHz or 120 kHz 240 kHz 120 kHz 120 kHz for SCS used for FR2implementation currently for data

In an aspect, for FR4 (e.g., a frequency greater than 52.6 GHz band),the SCS for data and SSB need to be scaled up. For example, scaling isneeded for data to cover a wide bandwidth (e.g., 2 GHz bandwidth orabove), but scaling up of SSB may translate to searcher difficulty.There are several combinations of SSB and data numerology beingconsidered (e.g., 120/240 kHz/480/960 kHz SSB SCS and 480/960 kHz/1.92MHz/3.84 MHz data SCS). The ratio between data and SSB numerology may bemuch larger than 2. This is done to keep searcher complexity manageablefor the initial search. For NR, additional SSBs may be configured forRRM purpose with a different SCS. Tables 2 and 3 detail the relationshipbetween the SCS and the timing:

TABLE 2 Timing SSB BW (240 Resolution SSB SCS tones) from SSB 120 kHz 28.8 MHz 34.72 ns 240 kHz  57.6 MHz 17.36 ns 480 kHz 115.2 MHz  8.68 ns960 kHz 230.4 MHz  4.34 ns

TABLE 3 RMSI RMSI CP RMSI symbol duration SCS duration (7%) Comments 480kHz  2082 ns ~145 ns  960 kHz  1041 ns ~72 ns 1.92 MHz 520.8 ns ~36 nsCP duration = Resolution from 120 kHz SCS 3.84 MHz 260.4 ns ~18 ns CPduration = Resolution from 240 kHz SCS

The present disclosure relates generally to current issues surroundingsample/symbol timing obtained from SSB. For example, in an aspect, thepresent disclosure includes a method, apparatus, and non-statutorycomputer readable medium for wireless communications for improvingenhancements to the SSB to improve the timing search. The aspectsinclude generating, by a network entity for a UE, a SSB and anadditional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition; and transmitting, by thenetwork entity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS. Theaspects further include receiving, by a UE from a network entity, a SSBand an additional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition; and decoding, by the UE, theSSB including the additional RS.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission pattern ofan additional RS for symbol/sample timing. For example, diagram 400illustrates transmitting an additional RS between SS/PBCH block andCORESET #0. In an aspect, currently in Release 15, the PBCH indicatesthe SCS used for RMSI, the CORESET is 1, 2, or 3 symbols long, and SSBis 4 symbols (e.g., PSS/PBCH/SSS/PBCH). Diagram 400 illustrates theadditional RS being transmitted if the SCS ratio of RMSI over SSBsatisfies a threshold. In an example, the ratio can be 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8,16, and 32, in which the additional RS may be used when the ratio isgreater than 8. The additional RS bandwidth and numerology may be afunction of the SSB SCS and RMSI SCS. The additional RS bandwidth may beequal or at least within a frequency range to the CORESET #0 bandwidthto provide enough timing recovery resolution. Further, the PBCH carriesinformation pointing to additional RS time and/or frequency domainlocation, SCS, and/or pattern. In some instances, the information may beimplied by CORESET #0 configuration instead of being explicitlyindicated.

In an aspect, diagram 450 illustrates patterns 1, 2, and 3 of theSS/PBCH Block, CORESET, and PDSCH. For example, in pattern 1 of diagram450, the SS/PBCH block may have the same bandwidth as CORESET and PDSCH,but may be transmitted before both. For pattern 2, the CORESET and PDSCHmay have the same bandwidth while the SS/PBCH block has a differentbandwidth. However, the PDSCH may be transmitted at the same time as theSS/PBCH block. For pattern 3, the CORESET and PDSCH may have the samebandwidth while the SS/PBCH block has a different bandwidth. However,the SS/PBCH block, CORESET, and PDSCH may all be transmitted at the sametime.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of another transmissionpattern of an additional RS for symbol/sample timing. For example,diagram 500 illustrates transmitting an additional RS along with theSS/PBCH block and CORESET #0. In some aspects, the additional RSbandwidth and numerology is a function of the SSB SCS and the RMSI SCS.The PBCH indicates the SCS used for RMSI. In an example, if the ratiobetween the SSB SCS and the RMSI SCS (e.g., ratio of RMSI SCS over SSBSCS) is larger than a threshold, the a larger bandwidth (e.g., wideband)is used. The ratio can be 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32. In some aspects,the numerology of the additional RS can be a function of the ratiobetween the SSB SCS and the RMSI SCS. As described herein, diagram 500depicts that the additional RS may be transmitted inside/outside of theRMSI (i.e., CORESET #0 block) in a frequency greater than the SS/PBCHblock, but at a time before the SS/PBCH block.

In an aspect, diagram 550 illustrates patterns 1, 2, and 3 of theSS/PBCH Block, CORESET, and PDSCH. For example, in pattern 1 of diagram550, the SS/PBCH block may have the same bandwidth as CORESET and PDSCH,but may be transmitted before both. For pattern 2, the CORESET and PDSCHmay have the same bandwidth while the SS/PBCH block has a differentbandwidth. However, the PDSCH may be transmitted at the same time as theSS/PBCH block. For pattern 3, the CORESET and PDSCH may have the samebandwidth while the SS/PBCH block has a different bandwidth. However,the SS/PBCH block, CORESET, and PDSCH may all be transmitted at the sametime.

FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission pattern ofan additional RS with a corresponding numerology as a SSB. For example,diagram 600 illustrates a transmission of the additional RS along withthe SS/PBCH block and CORESET #0. In some aspects, the additional RS hasthe same numerology as the SSB (e.g., SS/PBCH block). In this example,the SSB SCS and RMSI SCS are 120 KHz. The additional RS is transmittedtogether with the SS/PBCH block. The CORESET may be at least one of 1,2, or 3 symbols times.

FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a transmission pattern ofan additional RS with a corresponding numerology as a RMSI. For example,diagram 700 illustrates a transmission of the additional RS along withthe SS/PBCH block and CORESET #0. In some aspects, the additional RS hasthe same numerology as the RMSI (e.g., CORESET). The additional RS mayhave the same numerology as the RMSI when the additional RS ismultiplexed or transmitted together with RMSI CORESET. The additional RSconfiguration (e.g., frequency domain) may share a same configuration asCORESET #0 in that the additional RS may cover the same bandwidth asCORESET #0. As described herein, diagram 700 illustrates a scenario inwhich the SSB SCS is configured at 120 KHz and the additional RS andRMSI are configured at 480 KHz.

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of SSB locations within ahalf-frame. For example, diagram 800 illustrates SSB locations within a5 ms half-frame for synchronization signals with 15 KHz and 30 KHz SCS.In this example, diagram 800 illustrates subframes where SSBs can beplaced and slots where SSBs can be placed.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating another example of SSB locations withina half-frame. For example, diagram 900 illustrates SSB locations withina 5 ms half-frame for synchronization signals with 120 KHz and 240 KHzSCS. In this example, diagram 900 illustrates subframes where SSBs canbe placed and slots where SSBs can be placed.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple patterns forRMSI CORESET configurations. For example, diagram 1000 illustratespatterns 1, 2, and 3 depicting various configurations of the SS/PBCHblock, CORESET, and PDSCH each with the same and/or differentnumerologies. In an aspect, in pattern 1 of diagram 1000, the SS/PBCHblock may have the same bandwidth as CORESET and PDSCH, but may betransmitted before both. For pattern 2, the CORESET and PDSCH may havethe same bandwidth while the SS/PBCH block has a different bandwidth.However, the PDSCH may be transmitted at the same time as the SS/PBCHblock. For pattern 3, the CORESET and PDSCH may have the same bandwidthwhile the SS/PBCH block has a different bandwidth. However, the SS/PBCHblock, CORESET, and PDSCH may all be transmitted at the same time.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of multiple CSI-RSpatterns. For example, diagram 1100 illustrates various CSI-RS patternsin that for a given pattern, different CSI-RS components may be placedanywhere in the RB. For a given pattern, when different CSI-RScomponents are not shown in adjacent OFDM symbols, they may be placedanywhere in the slot. X-axis: REs in time-domain (OFDM symbols); Y-axis:REs in frequency domain (subcarriers).

FIG. 12 is a flowchart 1200 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104; the apparatus 350;the controller/processor 359, which may include the memory 360,processor(s) 1412, which may include the memory 1416, modem 1440 andwhich may be the entire UE 104 or a component of the UE 104, such as theTX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and/or the transceiver 1402) incombination with the communication component 198/configuration component240.

At 1202, method 1200 includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from anetwork entity, a synchronization signal block (SSB) and an additionalresource signal (RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrierspacing (SCS) for communication after initial acquisition. In an aspect,the UE 104 and/or the communication component 198/configurationcomponent 240 may be configured to receive, by a UE from a networkentity, a SSB and an additional RS based on a variable function of a SSBSCS for communication after initial acquisition. As such, the UE 104and/or the communication component 198/configuration component 240,e.g., in conjunction with controller/processor 359, which may includethe memory 360, processor(s) 1412, which may include the memory 1416,modem 1440, TX processor 368, and transceiver 1402 may define a meansfor receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a network entity, a SSB andan additional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition.

At 1204, method 1200 includes decoding, by the UE, the SSB including theadditional RS. In an aspect, the UE 104 and/or the communicationcomponent 198/configuration component 240 may be configured to decode,by the UE, the SSB including the additional RS. As such, the UE 104and/or the communication component 198/configuration component 240,e.g., in conjunction with controller/processor 359, which may includethe memory 360, processor(s) 512, which may include the memory 1416,modem 1440, RX processor 356, and transceiver 1402 may define a meansfor decoding, by the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

In an example of method 1200, a numerology of the additional RScorresponds to a numerology of the SSB.

In an example of method 1200, a bandwidth associated with the SSBincluding the additional RS is fixed based on a CORESET.

In an example of method 1200, a numerology of the additional RScorresponds to a numerology of the RMSI.

In an example of method 1200, a bandwidth associated with the SSBincluding the additional RS is fixed based on a CORESET.

In an example of method 1200, the additional RS corresponds to at leastone of a tracking reference signal (TRS) or a channel state informationreference signal (CSI-RS).

In an example of method 1200, decoding the SSB including the additionalRS further comprises obtaining multiple shifts of a timing of the SSBbased on a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)/physical downlinkshared channel (PDSCH) detection.

FIG. 13 is a flowchart 1300 of a method of wireless communication. Themethod may be performed by a network entity (e.g., the base station 102;the apparatus 310; the controller/processor 375, which may include thememory 376, processor(s) 1512, which may include the memory 1516, modem1540 and which may be the entire base station 102 or a component of thebase station 102, such as the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370,and/or the transceiver 1502) in combination with the communicationcomponent 199/configuration component 241.

At 1302, method 1300 includes generating, by a network entity for a UE,a SSB and an additional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition. In an aspect, the base station102 and/or the communication component 199/configuration component 241may be configured to generate, by a network entity for a UE, a SSB andan additional RS based on a variable function of a SSB SCS forcommunication after initial acquisition. As such, the base station 102and/or the communication component 199/configuration component 241,e.g., in conjunction with the controller/processor 375, which mayinclude the memory 376, processor(s) 1512, which may include the memory1516, modem 1540 and which may be the entire base station 102 or acomponent of the base station 102, such as the TX processor 316, the RXprocessor 370, and/or the transceiver 1502 may define a means forgenerating, by a network entity for a UE, a SSB and an additional RSbased on a variable function of a SSB SCS for communication afterinitial acquisition.

At 1304, method 1300 includes transmitting, by the network entity to theUE, the SSB including the additional RS. In an aspect, the base station102 and/or the communication component 199/configuration component 241may be configured to transmit, by the network entity to the UE, the SSBincluding the additional RS. As such, the base station 102 and/or thecommunication component 199/configuration component 241, e.g., inconjunction with the controller/processor 375, which may include thememory 376, processor(s) 1512, which may include the memory 1516, modem1540 and which may be the entire base station 102 or a component of thebase station 102, such as the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370,and/or the transceiver 1502 may define a means for transmitting, by thenetwork entity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.

In an example of method 1300, a numerology of the additional RScorresponds to a numerology of the SSB.

In an example of method 1300, a bandwidth associated with the SSBincluding the additional RS is fixed based on a CORESET.

In an example of method 1300, a numerology of the additional RScorresponds to a numerology of the RMSI.

In an example of method 1300, a bandwidth associated with the SSBincluding the additional RS is fixed based on a CORESET.

In an example of method 1300, the additional RS corresponds to at leastone of a TRS or a CSI-RS.

In an example of method 1300, generating the SSB including theadditional RS based on the variable function of the SSB SCS and the RMSISCS further comprises generating the SSB including the additional RSbased on a ratio of the RMSI SCS over the SSB SCS.

In an example of method 1300, generating the SSB including theadditional RS based on the ratio of the RMSI SCS over the SSB SCSfurther comprises: determining whether the ratio of the RMSI SCS overthe SSB SCS satisfies a threshold; and generating the SSB to include theadditional RS based on a determination that the ratio of the RMSI SCSover the SSB SCS satisfies the threshold.

In an example of method 1300, a bandwidth and a numerology of theadditional RS are based on the SSB SCS and the RMSI SCS.

In an example of method 1300, transmitting the SSB including theadditional RS further comprises transmitting the SSB including theadditional RS via a PBCH that carries information corresponding to atleast one of a time and frequency domain location, SCS, and a pattern ofthe additional RS.

In an example of method 1300, wherein generating the SSB including theadditional RS based on the variable function of the SSB SCS and the RMSISCS further comprises: establishing that a DMRS is a wideband DMRS for aPDCCH system information block one (SIB1); and configuring a CORESET touse the wideband DMRS to refine a timing estimation.

In an example, method 1300 includes transmitting a bit in a PBCHindicating the wideband DMRS in the CORESET.

In an example of method 1300, configuring the CORESET to use thewideband DMRS to refine the timing estimation further comprisesconfiguring the CORESET to use the wideband DMRS based on at least oneof SSB SCS and RMSI SCS.

Referring to FIG. 14, one example of an implementation of UE 104 mayinclude a variety of components, some of which have already beendescribed above and are described further herein, including componentssuch as one or more processors 1412 and memory 1416 and transceiver 1402in communication via one or more buses 1444, which may operate inconjunction with modem 1440 and/or communication component 198 fordecoding an additional RS with a SSB.

In an aspect, the one or more processors 1412 can include a modem 1440and/or can be part of the modem 1440 that uses one or more modemprocessors. Thus, the various functions related to communicationcomponent 198 may be included in modem 1440 and/or processors 1412 and,in an aspect, can be executed by a single processor, while in otheraspects, different ones of the functions may be executed by acombination of two or more different processors. For example, in anaspect, the one or more processors 1412 may include any one or anycombination of a modem processor, or a baseband processor, or a digitalsignal processor, or a transmit processor, or a receiver processor, or atransceiver processor associated with transceiver 1402. In otheraspects, some of the features of the one or more processors 1412 and/ormodem 1440 associated with communication component 198 may be performedby transceiver 1402.

Also, memory 1416 may be configured to store data used herein and/orlocal versions of applications 1475 or communicating component 1442and/or one or more of its subcomponents being executed by at least oneprocessor 1412. Memory 1416 can include any type of computer-readablemedium usable by a computer or at least one processor 1412, such asrandom access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), tapes, magneticdiscs, optical discs, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, and anycombination thereof. In an aspect, for example, memory 1416 may be anon-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores one or morecomputer-executable codes defining communication component 198 and/orone or more of its subcomponents, and/or data associated therewith, whenUE 104 is operating at least one processor 1412 to execute communicationcomponent 198 and/or one or more of its subcomponents.

Transceiver 1402 may include at least one receiver 1406 and at least onetransmitter 1408. Receiver 1406 may include hardware and/or softwareexecutable by a processor for receiving data, the code comprisinginstructions and being stored in a memory (e.g., computer-readablemedium). Receiver 1406 may be, for example, a radio frequency (RF)receiver. In an aspect, receiver 1406 may receive signals transmitted byat least one base station 102. Additionally, receiver 1406 may processsuch received signals, and also may obtain measurements of the signals,such as, but not limited to, Ec/Io, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR),reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strengthindicator (RSSI), etc. Transmitter 1408 may include hardware and/orsoftware executable by a processor for transmitting data, the codecomprising instructions and being stored in a memory (e.g.,computer-readable medium). A suitable example of transmitter 1408 mayincluding, but is not limited to, an RF transmitter.

Moreover, in an aspect, UE 104 may include RF front end 1488, which mayoperate in communication with one or more antennas 1465 and transceiver1402 for receiving and transmitting radio transmissions, for example,wireless communications transmitted by at least one base station 102 orwireless transmissions transmitted by UE 104. RF front end 1488 may beconnected to one or more antennas 1465 and can include one or morelow-noise amplifiers (LNAs) 1490, one or more switches 1492, one or morepower amplifiers (PAs) 1498, and one or more filters 1496 fortransmitting and receiving RF signals.

In an aspect, LNA 1490 can amplify a received signal at a desired outputlevel. In an aspect, each LNA 1490 may have a specified minimum andmaximum gain values. In an aspect, RF front end 1488 may use one or moreswitches 1492 to select a particular LNA 1490 and its specified gainvalue based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Further, for example, one or more PA(s) 1498 may be used by RF front end1488 to amplify a signal for an RF output at a desired output powerlevel. In an aspect, each PA 1498 may have specified minimum and maximumgain values. In an aspect, RF front end 1488 may use one or moreswitches 1492 to select a particular PA 1498 and its specified gainvalue based on a desired gain value for a particular application.

Also, for example, one or more filters 1496 can be used by RF front end1488 to filter a received signal to obtain an input RF signal.Similarly, in an aspect, for example, a respective filter 1496 can beused to filter an output from a respective PA 1498 to produce an outputsignal for transmission. In an aspect, each filter 1496 can be connectedto a specific LNA 1490 and/or PA 1498. In an aspect, RF front end 1488can use one or more switches 1492 to select a transmit or receive pathusing a specified filter 1496, LNA 1490, and/or PA 1498, based on aconfiguration as specified by transceiver 1402 and/or processor 1412.

As such, transceiver 1402 may be configured to transmit and receivewireless signals through one or more antennas 1465 via RF front end1488. In an aspect, transceiver may be tuned to operate at specifiedfrequencies such that UE 104 can communicate with, for example, one ormore base stations 102 or one or more cells associated with one or morebase stations 102. In an aspect, for example, modem 1440 can configuretransceiver 1402 to operate at a specified frequency and power levelbased on the UE configuration of the UE 104 and the communicationprotocol used by modem 1440.

In an aspect, modem 1440 can be a multiband-multimode modem, which canprocess digital data and communicate with transceiver 1402 such that thedigital data is sent and received using transceiver 1402. In an aspect,modem 1440 can be multiband and be configured to support multiplefrequency bands for a specific communications protocol. In an aspect,modem 1440 can be multimode and be configured to support multipleoperating networks and communications protocols. In an aspect, modem1440 can control one or more components of UE 104 (e.g., RF front end1488, transceiver 1402) to enable transmission and/or reception ofsignals from the network based on a specified modem configuration. In anaspect, the modem configuration can be based on the mode of the modemand the frequency band in use. In another aspect, the modemconfiguration can be based on UE configuration information associatedwith UE 104 as provided by the network during cell selection and/or cellreselection.

In an aspect, the processor(s) 1412 may correspond to one or more of theprocessors described in connection with the UE in FIG. 3. Similarly, thememory 1416 may correspond to the memory described in connection withthe UE in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 15, one example of an implementation of base station102 (e.g., a base station 102, as described above) may include a varietyof components, some of which have already been described above, butincluding components such as one or more processors 1512 and memory 1516and transceiver 1502 in communication via one or more buses 1544, whichmay operate in conjunction with modem 1540 and communication component199 for communicating reference signals.

The transceiver 1502, receiver 1506, transmitter 1508, one or moreprocessors 1512, memory 1516, applications 1575, buses 1544, RF frontend 1588, LNAs 1590, switches 1592, filters 1596, PAs 1598, and one ormore antennas 1565 may be the same as or similar to the correspondingcomponents of UE 104, as described above, but configured or otherwiseprogrammed for base station operations as opposed to UE operations.

In an aspect, the processor(s) 1512 may correspond to one or more of theprocessors described in connection with the base station in FIG. 3.Similarly, the memory 1516 may correspond to the memory described inconnection with the base station in FIG. 3.

Some Further Example Clauses

Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:

-   -   1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:    -   generating, by a network entity for a user equipment (UE), a        synchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource        signal (RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier        spacing (SCS) for communication after initial acquisition; and    -   transmitting, by the network entity to the UE, the SSB including        the additional RS.    -   2. The method of clause 1, wherein a numerology of the        additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the SSB.    -   3. The method of clause 2, wherein a bandwidth associated with        the SSB including the additional RS is fixed based on a control        resource set (CORESET).    -   4. The method of clause 1, a numerology of the additional RS        corresponds to a numerology of a remaining minimum system        information (RMSI).    -   5. The method of clause 4, wherein a bandwidth associated with        the SSB including the additional RS is fixed based on a control        resource set (CORESET).    -   6. The method of clause 4, wherein the additional RS corresponds        to at least one of a tracking reference signal (TRS) or a        channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).    -   7. The method of clause 1, wherein generating the SSB including        the additional RS based on the variable function of the SSB SCS        and the RMSI SCS further comprises generating the SSB including        the additional RS based on a ratio of the RMSI SCS over the SSB        SCS.    -   8. The method of clause 7, wherein generating the SSB including        the additional RS based on the ratio of the RMSI SCS over the        SSB SCS further comprises:    -   determining whether the ratio of the RMSI SCS over the SSB SCS        satisfies a threshold; and    -   generating the SSB to include the additional RS based on a        determination that the ratio of the RMSI SCS over the SSB SCS        satisfies the threshold.    -   9. The method of clause 1, wherein a bandwidth and a numerology        of the additional RS are based on the SSB SCS and the RMSI SCS.    -   10. The method of clause 1, wherein transmitting the SSB        including the additional RS further comprises transmitting the        SSB including the additional RS via a physical broadcast channel        (PBCH) that carries information corresponding to at least one of        a time and frequency domain location, SCS, and a pattern of the        additional RS.    -   11. The method of clause 1, wherein generating the SSB including        the additional RS based on the variable function of the SSB SCS        and the RMSI SCS further comprises:    -   establishing that a demodulated reference signal (DMRS) is a        wideband DMRS for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)        system information block one (SIB1); and    -   configuring a control resource set (CORESET) to use the wideband        DMRS to refine a timing estimation.    -   12. The method of clause 11, further comprising transmitting a        bit in a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) indicating the        wideband DMRS in the CORESET.    -   13. The method of clause 11, wherein configuring the CORESET to        use the wideband DMRS to refine the timing estimation further        comprises configuring the CORESET to use the wideband DMRS based        on at least one of SSB SCS and RMSI SCS.    -   14. A method of wireless communication, comprising:    -   receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a network entity, a        synchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource        signal (RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier        spacing (SCS) for communication after initial acquisition; and    -   decoding, by the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.    -   15. The method of clause 14, wherein a numerology of the        additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the SSB.    -   16. The method of clause 15, wherein a bandwidth associated with        the SSB including the additional RS is fixed based on a control        resource set (CORESET).    -   17. The method of clause 14, a numerology of the additional RS        corresponds to a numerology of the RMSI.    -   18. The method of clause 17, wherein a bandwidth associated with        the SSB including the additional RS is fixed based on a control        resource set (CORESET).    -   19. The method of clause 17, wherein the additional RS        corresponds to at least one of a tracking reference signal (TRS)        or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).    -   20. The method of clause 14, wherein decoding the SSB including        the additional RS further comprises obtaining multiple shifts of        a timing of the SSB based on a physical downlink control channel        (PDCCH)/physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) detection.    -   21. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:    -   a transceiver;    -   a memory configured to store instructions; and    -   one or more processors communicatively coupled with the        transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors        are configured to:    -   generate, by a network entity for a user equipment (UE), a        synchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource        signal (RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier        spacing (SCS) for communication after initial acquisition; and    -   transmit, by the network entity to the UE, the SSB including the        additional RS.    -   22. The apparatus of clause 21, wherein a numerology of the        additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the SSB, and        wherein a bandwidth associated with the SSB including the        additional RS is fixed based on a control resource set        (CORESET).    -   23. The apparatus of clause 21, wherein a numerology of the        additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the RMSI, wherein a        bandwidth associated with the SSB including the additional RS is        fixed based on a control resource set (CORESET), and wherein the        additional RS corresponds to at least one of a tracking        reference signal (TRS) or a channel state information reference        signal (CSI-RS).    -   24. The apparatus of clause 21, wherein the one or more        processors configured to generate the SSB including the        additional RS based on the variable function of the SSB SCS and        the RMSI SCS are further configured to generate the SSB        including the additional RS based on a ratio of the RMSI SCS        over the SSB SCS.    -   25. The apparatus of clause 1, wherein the one or more        processors configured to transmit the SSB including the        additional RS are further configured to transmit the SSB        including the additional RS via a physical broadcast channel        (PBCH) that carries information corresponding to at least one of        a time and frequency domain location, SCS, and a pattern of the        additional RS.    -   26. The apparatus of clause 21, wherein the one or more        processors configured to generate the SSB including the        additional RS based on the variable function of the SSB SCS and        the RMSI SCS are further configured to:    -   establish that a demodulated reference signal (DMRS) is a        wideband DMRS for a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)        system information block one (SIB1);    -   configure a control resource set (CORESET) to use the wideband        DMRS to refine a timing estimation based on at least one of SSB        SCS and RMSI SCS; and    -   transmit a bit in a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) indicating        the wideband DMRS in the CORESET.    -   27. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:    -   a transceiver;    -   a memory configured to store instructions; and    -   one or more processors communicatively coupled with the        transceiver and the memory, wherein the one or more processors        are configured to:    -   receive, by a user equipment (UE) from a network entity, a        synchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource        signal (RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier        spacing (SCS) for communication after initial acquisition; and    -   decode, by the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.    -   28. The apparatus of clause 27, wherein a numerology of the        additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the SSB, and        wherein a bandwidth associated with the SSB including the        additional RS is fixed based on a control resource set        (CORESET).    -   29. The apparatus of clause 27, wherein a numerology of the        additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the RMSI, wherein a        bandwidth associated with the SSB including the additional RS is        fixed based on a control resource set (CORESET), and wherein the        additional RS corresponds to at least one of a tracking        reference signal (TRS) or a channel state information reference        signal (CSI-RS).    -   30. The apparatus of clause 14, wherein the one or more        processors configured to decode the SSB including the additional        RS are further configured to obtain multiple shifts of a timing        of the SSB based on a physical downlink control channel        (PDCCH)/physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) detection.    -   31. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising means        for performing the operations of one or more methods in clauses        1-20.    -   32. A non-transitory computer-readable medium, comprising code        executable by one or more processors to perform the operations        of one or more methods in clauses 1-20.

It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in theprocesses/flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches.Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific orderor hierarchy of blocks in the processes/flowcharts may be rearranged.Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying methodclaims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and arenot meant to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in theart to practice the various aspects described herein. Variousmodifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilledin the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied toother aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to theaspects shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistentwith the language claims, wherein reference to an element in thesingular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless specificallyso stated, but rather “one or more.” The word “exemplary” is used hereinto mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspectdescribed herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed aspreferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically statedotherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as“at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least oneof A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or anycombination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and mayinclude multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically,combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B,or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and“A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, Aand B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinationsmay contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. All structuraland functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspectsdescribed throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to beknown to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporatedherein by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims.Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to thepublic regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited inthe claims. The words “module,” “mechanism,” “element,” “device,” andthe like may not be a substitute for the word “means.” As such, no claimelement is to be construed as a means plus function unless the elementis expressly recited using the phrase “means for.”

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of wireless communication, comprising:generating, by a network entity for a user equipment (UE), asynchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource signal(RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) forcommunication after initial acquisition; and transmitting, by thenetwork entity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, wherein a numerology of the additional RS correspondsto a numerology of the SSB.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein abandwidth associated with the SSB including the additional RS is fixedbased on a control resource set (CORESET).
 4. The method of claim 1, anumerology of the additional RS corresponds to a numerology of aremaining minimum system information (RMSI).
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein a bandwidth associated with the SSB including the additional RSis fixed based on a control resource set (CORESET).
 6. The method ofclaim 4, wherein the additional RS corresponds to at least one of atracking reference signal (TRS) or a channel state information referencesignal (CSI-RS).
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein generating the SSBincluding the additional RS based on the variable function of the SSBSCS and a remaining minimum system information (RMSI) SCS furthercomprises generating the SSB including the additional RS based on aratio of the RMSI SCS over the SSB SCS.
 8. The method of claim 7,wherein generating the SSB including the additional RS based on theratio of a remaining minimum system information (RMSI) SCS over the SSBSCS further comprises: determining whether the ratio of the RMSI SCSover the SSB SCS satisfies a threshold; and generating the SSB toinclude the additional RS based on a determination that the ratio of theRMSI SCS over the SSB SCS satisfies the threshold.
 9. The method ofclaim 1, wherein a bandwidth and a numerology of the additional RS arebased on the SSB SCS and a remaining minimum system information (RMSI)SCS.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein transmitting the SSB includingthe additional RS further comprises transmitting the SSB including theadditional RS via a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) that carriesinformation corresponding to at least one of a time and frequency domainlocation, SCS, and a pattern of the additional RS.
 11. The method ofclaim 1, wherein generating the SSB including the additional RS based onthe variable function of the SSB SCS and a remaining minimum systeminformation (RMSI) SCS further comprises: establishing that ademodulated reference signal (DMRS) is a wideband DMRS for a physicaldownlink control channel (PDCCH) system information block one (SIB1);and configuring a control resource set (CORESET) to use the widebandDMRS to refine a timing estimation.
 12. The method of claim 11, furthercomprising transmitting a bit in a physical broadcast channel (PBCH)indicating the wideband DMRS in the CORESET.
 13. The method of claim 11,wherein configuring the CORESET to use the wideband DMRS to refine thetiming estimation further comprises configuring the CORESET to use thewideband DMRS based on at least one of SSB SCS and a remaining minimumsystem information (RMSI) SCS.
 14. A method of wireless communication,comprising: receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a network entity, asynchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource signal(RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) forcommunication after initial acquisition; and decoding, by the UE, theSSB including the additional RS.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein anumerology of the additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the SSB.16. The method of claim 15, wherein a bandwidth associated with the SSBincluding the additional RS is fixed based on a control resource set(CORESET).
 17. The method of claim 14, a numerology of the additional RScorresponds to a numerology of a remaining minimum system information(RMSI).
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein a bandwidth associated withthe SSB including the additional RS is fixed based on a control resourceset (CORESET).
 19. The method of claim 17, wherein the additional RScorresponds to at least one of a tracking reference signal (TRS) or achannel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
 20. The method ofclaim 14, wherein decoding the SSB including the additional RS furthercomprises obtaining multiple shifts of a timing of the SSB based on aphysical downlink control channel (PDCCH)/physical downlink sharedchannel (PDSCH) detection.
 21. An apparatus for wireless communication,comprising: a transceiver; a memory configured to store instructions;and one or more processors communicatively coupled with the transceiverand the memory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to:generate, by a network entity for a user equipment (UE), asynchronization signal block (SSB) and an additional resource signal(RS) based on a variable function of a SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) forcommunication after initial acquisition; and transmit, by the networkentity to the UE, the SSB including the additional RS.
 22. The apparatusof claim 21, wherein a numerology of the additional RS corresponds to anumerology of the SSB, and wherein a bandwidth associated with the SSBincluding the additional RS is fixed based on a control resource set(CORESET).
 23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein a numerology of theadditional RS corresponds to a numerology of a remaining minimum systeminformation (RMSI), wherein a bandwidth associated with the SSBincluding the additional RS is fixed based on a control resource set(CORESET), and wherein the additional RS corresponds to at least one ofa tracking reference signal (TRS) or a channel state informationreference signal (CSI-RS).
 24. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein theone or more processors configured to generate the SSB including theadditional RS based on the variable function of the SSB SCS and aremaining minimum system information (RMSI) SCS are further configuredto generate the SSB including the additional RS based on a ratio of theRMSI SCS over the SSB SCS.
 25. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the oneor more processors configured to transmit the SSB including theadditional RS are further configured to transmit the SSB including theadditional RS via a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) that carriesinformation corresponding to at least one of a time and frequency domainlocation, SCS, and a pattern of the additional RS.
 26. The apparatus ofclaim 21, wherein the one or more processors configured to generate theSSB including the additional RS based on the variable function of theSSB SCS and a remaining minimum system information (RMSI) SCS arefurther configured to: establish that a demodulated reference signal(DMRS) is a wideband DMRS for a physical downlink control channel(PDCCH) system information block one (SIB1); configure a controlresource set (CORESET) to use the wideband DMRS to refine a timingestimation based on at least one of SSB SCS and RMSI SCS; and transmit abit in a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) indicating the wideband DMRSin the CORESET.
 27. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:a transceiver; a memory configured to store instructions; and one ormore processors communicatively coupled with the transceiver and thememory, wherein the one or more processors are configured to: receive,by a user equipment (UE) from a network entity, a synchronization signalblock (SSB) and an additional resource signal (RS) based on a variablefunction of a SSB subcarrier spacing (SCS) for communication afterinitial acquisition; and decode, by the UE, the SSB including theadditional RS.
 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein a numerology ofthe additional RS corresponds to a numerology of the SSB, and wherein abandwidth associated with the SSB including the additional RS is fixedbased on a control resource set (CORESET).
 29. The apparatus of claim27, wherein a numerology of the additional RS corresponds to anumerology of a remaining minimum system information (RMSI), wherein abandwidth associated with the SSB including the additional RS is fixedbased on a control resource set (CORESET), and wherein the additional RScorresponds to at least one of a tracking reference signal (TRS) or achannel state information reference signal (CSI-RS).
 30. The apparatusof claim 14, wherein the one or more processors configured to decode theSSB including the additional RS are further configured to obtainmultiple shifts of a timing of the SSB based on a physical downlinkcontrol channel (PDCCH)/physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)detection.